{"id":3297,"date":"2016-11-02T23:11:08","date_gmt":"2016-11-02T23:11:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/?p=3297"},"modified":"2016-11-02T23:11:08","modified_gmt":"2016-11-02T23:11:08","slug":"placeboterapia-trucul-care-pacaleste-boala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/11\/02\/placeboterapia-trucul-care-pacaleste-boala\/","title":{"rendered":"Placeboterapia, trucul care p\u0103c\u0103le\u015fte boala"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Efectul placebo este cunoscut \u00eenc\u0103 din antichitate, c\u00eend medicii \u00eei d\u0103deau pacientului un amestec de plante neutre, care n-aveau nicio leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu boala acestuia. \u00cel convingeau c\u0103 acela e leacul de care are nevoie, iar bolnavul, ca prin minune, se \u00eens\u0103n\u0103to\u015fea, cu toate c\u0103 nu fusese tratat cu <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/09\/14\/medicament-eficient-in-leucemie\/\" target=\"_blank\">medicamentul potrivit<\/a>. <!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Efectul placebo este folosit \u015fi \u00een medicina modern\u0103, ca mijloc curativ. Mai important\u0103 dec\u00eet pilula administrat\u0103 bolnavului este \u00eens\u0103 starea lui de spirit, dorin\u0163a acestuia de a lupta cu boala \u015fi \u00eencrederea \u00een tratament. C\u00eet de eficient\u0103 este placeboterapia \u015fi \u00een ce cazuri func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 cu succes?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>C\u00eend nimic nu merge, merge placebo<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prin placeboterapie se poate ob\u0163ine o ameliorare sau chiar vindecarea unei afec\u0163iuni, folosindu-se substan\u0163e neutre, care nu influen\u0163eaz\u0103 starea de s\u0103n\u0103tate a organismului. Este un adev\u0103r demonstrat \u015ftiin\u0163ific, oamenii se pot vindeca f\u0103r\u0103 <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/11\/02\/gestul-care-tine-loc-de-medicamente-pentru-durere\/\" target=\"_blank\">medicamente <\/a>specifice, doar prin puterea g\u00eendului. Dar nu \u00een toate cazurile. \u00cen general, metoda vindec\u0103rii subiective prinde la:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">pacien\u0163ii care fac tratamente alopate sau naturiste de mult\u0103 vreme, \u00eens\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 rezultat<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">cei care au aflat c\u0103 <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/10\/31\/stii-ca-poti-cere-medicamente-compensate-90\/\" target=\"_blank\">un medicament<\/a>, despre care nu \u015ftie c\u0103 are efect placebo, este mai bun sau mai scump dec\u00eet cel pe care \u00eel ia \u00een mod obi\u015fnuit<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">acei oameni pe care \u00eei a\u015fteapt\u0103 o <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/11\/01\/daca-ai-implanturi-dentare-nu-mai-lua-aceste-medicamente\/\" target=\"_blank\">interven\u0163ie chirurgical\u0103<\/a>, dar sper\u0103 s\u0103 scape de problem\u0103 mai u\u015for<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">bolnavii care s\u00eent \u00eencrez\u0103tori \u00een orice produs nou, despre care se spune c\u0103 <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/08\/26\/descoperire-care-ar-putea-transforma-melanomul-intr-o-boala-usor-de-tratat\/\" target=\"_blank\">revolu\u0163ioneaz\u0103 medicina<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen toate aceste cazuri, psihicul pacientului cedeaz\u0103, iar apari\u0163ia unui tratament-minune este perceput\u0103 ca solu\u0163ie salvatoare. Convingerea c\u0103 noua terapie este cea mai bun\u0103 \u00eel ajut\u0103 s\u0103 cread\u0103 \u00een ea at\u00eet de mult \u00eenc\u00eet rezultatele s\u00eent deseori spectaculoase: boala intr\u0103 \u00een remisie \u015fi chiar dispare.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00cens\u0103n\u0103to\u015fire prin autoconvingere<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Studii riguroase din ultimele decenii au reu\u015fit s\u0103 deslu\u015feasc\u0103 o parte din procesele ce se petrec \u00een creier \u00een timpul placeboterapiei. G\u00eendirea pozitiv\u0103 \u015fi \u00eencrederea \u00een medic nu doar modific\u0103 starea de spirit a pacientului, ci pot determina organismul s\u0103 treac\u0103 prin schimb\u0103ri reale, care induc \u00eens\u0103n\u0103to\u015firea. Atunci c\u00eend se manifest\u0103 efectul placebo, \u00een zona din creier numit\u0103 nucleus accumbens, o zon\u0103 asociat\u0103 cu recompensele, <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/07\/26\/cele-9-ingrediente-ale-fericirii\/\" target=\"_blank\">bucuria <\/a>\u015fi <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/09\/07\/dependenta-de-alcool-poate-fi-uitata\/\" target=\"_blank\">dependen\u0163a<\/a>, are loc o cre\u015ftere spectaculoas\u0103 a cantit\u0103\u0163ii neurotransmi\u0163\u0103torului numit dopamin\u0103. \u00cen func\u0163ie de c\u00eet de activ devine acest nucleus accumbens, cre\u015fte \u015fi \u00eencrederea persoanei c\u0103 va avea un beneficiu. Speciali\u015ftii au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 simplul g\u00eend la medicamentul care face bine este suficient pentru a face organismul s\u0103 elibereze <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/10\/03\/analgezicele-cresc-riscul-de-insuficienta-cardiaca\/\" target=\"_blank\">analgezicele<\/a> lui naturale, endorfinele. Uneori, doar vederea medicului stomatolog e suficient\u0103 ca durerea dentar\u0103 s\u0103 se diminueze. Schimb\u0103ri importante au fost observate \u015fi \u00een alte zone corticale, \u00een cazul efectului placebo pun\u00eendu-se \u00een mi\u015fcare un \u00eentreg mecanism care reduce activitatea zonelor din creier responsabile cu <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/09\/21\/zimbetul-reduce-intensitatea-durerii-chiar-si-cind-e-fals\/\" target=\"_blank\">detectarea durerii<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Doar 30% s\u00eent noroco\u015fi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Chiar dac\u0103 mecanismul prin care se manifest\u0103 efecul placebo n-a fost pe deplin elucidat, nimeni nu poate contesta existen\u0163a acestuia \u015fi str\u00eensa leg\u0103tur\u0103 dintre tratamentul neutru \u015fi efectele lui benefice asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii. Speciali\u015ftii au c\u0103zut de acord c\u0103 placeboterapia func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 doar \u00een cazul a 30% dintre pacien\u0163i, unii nu reac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 deloc la o terapie iluzorie. De aceea, aplicarea unui tratament fals \u00een locul unuia fundamentat \u015ftiin\u0163ific poate deveni periculoas\u0103. \u00cen schimb, vindec\u0103torii nu au remu\u015fc\u0103ri, ei sus\u0163in c\u0103 orice afec\u0163iune, oric\u00eet de grav\u0103, poate fi vindecat\u0103 cu puterea g\u00eendului, indiferent de receptivitatea pacientului. Nu e a\u015fa. Unii s\u00eent noroco\u015fi, al\u0163ii \u00eens\u0103 r\u0103m\u00een tot bolnavi. Totu\u015fi, trebuie recunoscut \u015fi faptul c\u0103 num\u0103rul succeselor prin efect placebo poate fi foarte mare, de peste 50%, dac\u0103 <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/10\/29\/fenomenul-joao-de-deus-chirurg-cu-doua-clase-primare\/\" target=\"_blank\">vindec\u0103torul <\/a>are un mare prestigiu. Acelea\u015fi rezultate le poate ob\u0163ine \u015fi un medic de renume, care are o rela\u0163ie foarte bun\u0103 cu pacientul \u015fi reu\u015fe\u015fte s\u0103-i induc\u0103 optimism \u015fi dorin\u0163a de vindecare.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Metode cu efect placebo<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>administrarea unei pastile<\/strong>. Pilulele de zaharin\u0103 sau amidon, odat\u0103 \u00eenghi\u0163ite, ajung s\u0103 func\u0163ioneze ca analgezic, prin puterea autosugestiei.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>cabinetul medica<\/strong>l. Doar halatul alb al medicului sau mirosul din cabinet, pot fi asociate cu o \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163ire, cel pu\u0163in aparent\u0103 \u015fi temporar\u0103, a s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>injec\u0163iile cu ser fiziologic<\/strong>. S\u00eent administrate pe post de medicament de ultim\u0103 genera\u0163ie.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>administrarea a dou\u0103 pastile.<\/strong> Efectul placebo cre\u015fte atunci c\u00eend pacientului i se spune s\u0103 ia dou\u0103 pastile \u00een loc de una, cu toate c\u0103 nici 10 nu pot ac\u0163iona specific asupra afec\u0163iunii.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>medicamentele mari \u015fi colorate.<\/strong> Studii recente au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 s\u00eent mai eficiente \u00een placeboterapie medicamentele de mari dimensiuni \u015fi cele frumos colorate.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>tratamentul scump.<\/strong> Amplific\u0103 autosugestia mai mult dec\u00eet unul ieftin.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>efectul seringii.<\/strong> Injec\u0163iile au efecte mai spectaculoase dec\u00eet pilulele.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>terapiile complicate.<\/strong> Tratamentele complexe, \u00een mai mul\u0163i pa\u015fi, au efect placebo mai puternic dec\u00eet cele care ar trebui s\u0103 aib\u0103 efect imediat.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>substan\u0163ele amar<\/strong>e. Au mai mare succes dec\u00eet cele aromate, pentru c\u0103 \u201edac\u0103 e a\u015fa r\u0103u la gust, precis \u00eemi face bine\u201c.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4091 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/placebo-effect-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"placebo-effect\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/placebo-effect-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/placebo-effect.jpg 468w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00cen ce cazuri func\u0163ioneaz\u0103?<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cele mai bune rezultate ale placeboterapiei s-au ob\u0163inut \u00een ameliorarea \u015fi tratarea <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/08\/17\/un-analgezic-pentru-dureri-menstruale-inverseaza-pierderile-de-memorie\/\" target=\"_blank\">durerilor<\/a> de orice fel.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pe locul doi, s\u00eent pastilele administrate cu titlul de<a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/07\/11\/autohipnoza-ajuta-in-insomnie-cum-se-procedeaza\/\" target=\"_blank\"> somnifere <\/a>care au efect \u00een circa 40 de minute, chiar dac\u0103 nu con\u0163in substan\u0163e active care induc somnul.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/06\/18\/coaja-de-salcie-remediu-in-depresii\/\" target=\"_blank\">depresia<\/a> &#8211; 75% din eficacitatea antidepresivelor se datoreaz\u0103 numai efectului placebo<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">hipertensiunea arterial\u0103<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/08\/10\/14-leacuri-utile-in-ulcerul-gastric\/\" target=\"_blank\"> ulcerul<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Studiile care se vor realiza \u00een viitor vor avea ca primi beneficiari bolnavii de <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/10\/12\/boala-parkinson-poate-fi-prevenita-cu-cafea\/\" target=\"_blank\">Parkinson.<\/a> Deja exist\u0103 rezultate remarcabile. Simplul g\u00eend c\u0103 au fost opera\u0163i \u00eei poate ajuta pe bolnavii de Parkinson. \u00centr-un studiu american, jum\u0103tate din pacien\u0163i au fost supu\u015fi interven\u0163iei chirurgicale, ceilal\u0163i au fost cusu\u0163i la loc, f\u0103r\u0103 a li se implanta \u00een creier neuroni care s\u0103 produc\u0103 dopamina necesar\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163irii s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii. Dup\u0103 un an, rezultatele au fost aproape identice. \u015ei cei opera\u0163i, \u015fi cei c\u0103rora li s-a aplicat placeboterapie, \u00eenregistraser\u0103 acelea\u015fi \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163iri.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/07\/20\/sirop-de-slabit\/\" target=\"_blank\">curele de sl\u0103bire<\/a>. Primul pas const\u0103 \u00een trecerea de la sugestia primit\u0103 de al\u0163ii, la autosugestie, adic\u0103 la convingerea c\u0103, prin dietele ra\u0163ionale respectate cu sfin\u0163enie, rezultatele nu vor \u00eent\u00eerzia s\u0103 apar\u0103.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">renun\u0163area la <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/10\/28\/adolescentii-se-apuca-de-fumat-ca-sa-slabeasca\/\" target=\"_blank\">fumat<\/a>, alcool sau droguri. Pacien\u0163ii trebuie s\u0103 cread\u0103 cu putere \u00een fiecare semn al \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163irii st\u0103rii de s\u0103n\u0103tate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>G\u00eendurile pozitive ajut\u0103 oricum<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unii medici sus\u0163in c\u0103, de\u015fi placeboterapia are rezultate certe, prezint\u0103 \u015fi un efect de bumerang. Un placebo poate fi ob\u0163inut \u00een prima, a doua, a treia zi de tratament, dar cu c\u00eet trece mai mult, nu mai func\u0163ioneaz\u0103, agrav\u00eend chiar boala. Se mai spune c\u0103 vindec\u0103rile 100% prin placebo nu s\u00eent de durat\u0103. Speciali\u015ftii recomand\u0103 ca placeboterapia \u00een cazurile grave s\u0103 nu suprime, ci s\u0103 \u00eenso\u0163easc\u0103 tratamentul medical standard, induc\u00eend pacientului \u00eencredere \u00een terapie, adic\u0103 folosind for\u0163a psihologiei. Astfel, e posibil ca o doz\u0103 mai mic\u0103 de medicament s\u0103 aib\u0103 acela\u015fi efect ca doza optim\u0103, sau chiar mai bine \u015fi mai rapid, dac\u0103 e asociat\u0103 cu placebo. Cert e c\u0103 medicina actual\u0103 accept\u0103 \u015fi folose\u015fte deseori efectul placebo, chiar dac\u0103 pacien\u0163ii nu \u015ftiu acest lucru. De fapt, aceasta este \u015fi esen\u0163a placeboterapiei. Oricum, ecoul psihologic pe care \u00eel are \u00een mintea noastr\u0103 faptul c\u0103 am primit tratamentul cel mai bun este extrem de folositor \u015fi ajut\u0103 la vindecare. Nu cost\u0103 nimic s\u0103 credem cu t\u0103rie c\u0103 ne vom face bine.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Dou\u0103 substan\u0163e banale cu efecte spectaculoase<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Acum dou\u0103 decenii, cele mai cunoscute preparate folosite pe post de panaceu, dar care nu con\u0163ineau nicio substan\u0163\u0103 activ\u0103, erau Aqua fontanis \u015fi Extractum hydricum cortex fructis Mallus domestici. Prima e banala <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/06\/15\/sanatate-cu-apa-de-izvor\/\" target=\"_blank\">ap\u0103 de f\u00eent\u00een\u0103,<\/a> iar a doua este un ceai de coji de <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/09\/22\/20-de-secrete-ale-merelor-verzi\/\" target=\"_blank\">mere<\/a>. Dar cine nu \u015ftia acest lucru \u015fi citea doar denumirile sofisticate, era convins c\u0103 are \u00een m\u00een\u0103 cel mai bun medicament din lume. Mul\u0163i bolnavi s-au f\u0103cut bine lu\u00eend aceste solu\u0163ii. Efectul placebo a func\u0163ionat din plin.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Placebo ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 \u015fi \u00een sens negativ<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Experimentele au demonstrat c\u0103 prin placeboterapie se poate induce \u00een egal\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 o stare de bine, dar \u015fi una de suferin\u0163\u0103. Doi cercet\u0103tori contemporani, Reidenberg \u015fi Lowental, au injectat voluntarilor ap\u0103 sterilizat\u0103 pe post de medicament <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/07\/26\/cobaii-nu-vor-mai-fi-folositi-in-experimente\/\" target=\"_blank\">experimental<\/a>. Apoi, le-a dat c\u00eete un chestionar cu 25 de <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/08\/10\/o-fetita-va-salva-lumea-de-efectele-adverse-ale-medicamentelor\/\" target=\"_blank\">reac\u0163ii<\/a> pe care medicamentul respectiv (apa) le-ar fi putut produce. Rezultatele au fost la fel de surprinz\u0103toare ca \u015fi \u00een cazul vindec\u0103rilor. Influen\u0163a\u0163i de chestionar, 75% dintre subiec\u0163i au acuzat m\u0103car unul dintre simptomele enumerate, printre care \u015fi <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/06\/17\/iarba-stupului-are-efect-febrifug\/\" target=\"_blank\">febr\u0103<\/a>, cefalee, insomnii \u015fi erup\u0163ii cutanate. Un caz celebru \u00een istoria efectului placebo este cel al unui american bolnav de cancer limfatic, c\u0103ruia niciun tratament nu-i ameliorase evolu\u0163ia <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/10\/06\/bananele-foarte-coapte-ataca-tumorile\/\" target=\"_blank\">tumorilor<\/a>. Doctorii i-au administrat atunci un <a href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2016\/10\/25\/banala-ceapa-suprima-cancerul-ovarian\/\" target=\"_blank\">medicament anticancer <\/a>nou, numit Krebiozen. Dup\u0103 c\u00eeteva luni, pacientul a p\u0103r\u0103sit spitalul \u00een stare excelent\u0103. Nu peste mult timp \u00eens\u0103, afl\u00eend c\u0103 medicamentul-minune era un tratament placebo care nu-i ajuta concret la nimic, a murit \u00een c\u00eeteva zile.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Articolul integral \u00een <a href=\"http:\/\/www.monitorulexpres.ro\/?mod=monitorulexpres&amp;a=citeste&amp;p=S%C4%83n%C4%83tate&amp;s_id=81740\" target=\"_blank\">monitorulexpres.ro<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Efectul placebo este cunoscut \u00eenc\u0103 din antichitate, c\u00eend medicii \u00eei d\u0103deau pacientului un amestec de plante neutre, care n-aveau nicio<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4090,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[96,806,97],"tags":[4862,4856,4848,4863,4851,4864,4861,4860,4855,4853,4850,4852,4857,4854,4849,4859,4858],"class_list":["post-3297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-boli","category-psihologie","category-terapii-alternative","tag-aqua-fontanis","tag-autoconvingere","tag-efectul-placebo","tag-extractum-hydricum-cortex-fructis-mallus-domestici","tag-gandirea-pozitiva-vindecare","tag-krebiozen","tag-mecanism-placebo","tag-nucleus-accumbens","tag-placebo-beneficii","tag-placebo-cancer","tag-placebo-efecte-negative","tag-placebo-in-cura-de-slabire","tag-placebo-indicatii-boli","tag-placebo-parkinson","tag-placeboterapia","tag-puterea-gandului","tag-vindecare-subiectiva"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - 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