{"id":7407,"date":"2022-09-02T10:51:42","date_gmt":"2022-09-02T07:51:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/?p=7407"},"modified":"2022-09-02T10:51:21","modified_gmt":"2022-09-02T07:51:21","slug":"ce-greseli-facem-cind-ne-luam-tensiunea-si-cum-se-masoara-corect","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2022\/09\/02\/ce-greseli-facem-cind-ne-luam-tensiunea-si-cum-se-masoara-corect\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce gre\u015feli facem c\u00eend ne lu\u0103m tensiunea \u015fi cum se m\u0103soar\u0103 corect?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cercet\u0103rile recente demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 metoda comun\u0103 de m\u0103surare a tensiunii arteriale nu e \u00eentotdeauna exact\u0103. Factori cum ar fi pozi\u021bia corpului, activitatea, nervozitatea, dimensiunea man\u0219etei pot afecta rezultatul testului. Nici tratamentul medical standard nu este lipsit de riscuri. <\/p>\n

Mul\u0163i oameni sufer\u0103 de tensiune arterial\u0103 crescut\u0103 \u0219i doar jum\u0103tate dintre ace\u0219tia o \u0163in sub control, expun\u00eendu-se la boli cardiovasculare, boli de rinichi, accident vascular cerebral \u0219i pierderea vederii.<\/p>\n

Sistol\u0103 \u015fi diastol\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tensiunea arterial\u0103 este for\u021ba necesar\u0103 pentru a \u00eempinge s\u00eengele prin arterele care vin de la inim\u0103 cu s\u00eenge bogat \u00een oxigen. C\u00eend m\u0103sura\u021bi tensiunea arterial\u0103, ob\u021bine\u021bi o valoare ridicat\u0103 (sistolic\u0103) \u0219i o valoare sc\u0103zut\u0103 (diastolic\u0103). Num\u0103rul mare reprezint\u0103 cea mai mare presiune care apare \u00een vasele de s\u00eenge, \u00een timp ce inima<\/a> se contract\u0103. Valoarea sc\u0103zut\u0103 reprezint\u0103 presiunea \u00een artere, \u00eentre b\u0103t\u0103ile inimii, c\u00eend inima este relaxat\u0103.<\/p>\n

De obicei, presiunea sistolic\u0103 ofer\u0103 cele mai multe informa\u021bii despre c\u00eet de rigide s\u00eent arterele<\/a> \u0219i c\u00eet de mult\u0103 presiune este necesar\u0103 pentru a \u00eempinge s\u00eengele \u00een corp. Este un factor major de risc pentru bolile cardiovasculare.<\/p>\n

Hipertensiune<\/strong><\/p>\n

O tensiune arterial\u0103 sistolic\u0103 sau diastolic\u0103 ridicat\u0103 poate fi suficient\u0103 pentru a pune diagnosticul de tensiune arterial\u0103 crescut\u0103.<\/p>\n

Studiile recente au demonstrat c\u0103 riscul de deces<\/a> din cauza bolilor cardiace \u0219i accident vascular cerebral se dubleaz\u0103 la fiecare cre\u0219tere cu 20 mmHg a tensiunii arteriale sistolice sau cu 10 mmHg a presiunii diastolice, la persoanele cu v\u00eersta cuprins\u0103 \u00eentre 40 \u0219i 89,3 ani.<\/p>\n

Tensiunea arterial\u0103 ridicat\u0103 sau hipertensiunea arterial\u0103 <\/a>e diagnosticat\u0103 atunci c\u00eend presiunea sistolic\u0103 <\/a>e mai mare sau egal\u0103 cu 140 mmHg, iar cea diastolic\u0103 e mai mare sau egal\u0103 cu 90 mmHg. Cu toate acestea, pentru a \u015fti ce tratament s\u0103 prescrie, medicul trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 mai \u00eent\u00eei o m\u0103sur\u0103toare exact\u0103 a tensiunii arteriale.<\/p>\n

Cum se m\u0103soar\u0103 tensiunea arterial\u0103?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Metoda prin care se m\u0103soar\u0103 tensiunea arterial\u0103 a fost inventat\u0103 \u00een 1881 \u0219i rafinat\u0103 \u00een 1905, c\u00eend chirurgul rus Nikolai Korotkoff a descoperit diferen\u021ba dintre m\u0103sur\u0103torile tensiunii arteriale sistolice \u0219i diastolice. Ast\u0103zi, sfigmomanometrul, aparatul care m\u0103soar\u0103 tensiunea arterial\u0103, \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 apari\u0163ia \u015fi dispari\u0163ia sunetelor din artere, cunoscute sub numele de sunete Korotkoff, ca metod\u0103 standard de m\u0103surare a tensiunii arteriale.\"Korotkow_Portrait\"<\/p>\n

La artera brahial\u0103.<\/strong> Man\u0219eta de presiune arterial\u0103<\/a> m\u0103soar\u0103, de obicei, tensiunea din artera brahial\u0103 a bra\u0163ului, dar aceasta poate fi m\u0103surat\u0103 \u0219i din artera femural\u0103 din coaps\u0103.<\/p>\n

La aort\u0103.<\/strong> Dar m\u0103sur\u0103torile centrale ale tensiunii arteriale aortice<\/strong> s\u00eent adesea considerate un marker mai bun al bolilor cardiovasculare \u0219i reprezint\u0103 un indicator mai bun al presiunii pe care o au organele, cum ar fi creierul \u0219i rinichii. Dezavantajul acestei metode este c\u0103 necesit\u0103 o procedur\u0103 invaziv\u0103.<\/p>\n

Diferen\u0163e mari<\/strong><\/p>\n

Deoarece diferen\u021bele mari \u00eentre m\u0103sur\u0103torile centrale aortice \u0219i periferice (bra\u021b sau picior) ar putea afecta decizia de tratare a hipertensiunii arteriale, cercet\u0103torii au efectuat un studiu pentru a compara diferen\u021bele dintre cele dou\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103tori. Ei au folosit datele de la mai mult de 2.500 de persoane, \u00eentre anii 1950 \u0219i 2016.<\/p>\n

Speciali\u015ftii au descoperit c\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103torile periferice cu man\u015fet\u0103 au fost mai corecte fa\u0163\u0103 de standardul de referin\u0163\u0103 (metoda invaziv\u0103), la persoanele care au avut tensiune arterial\u0103 mai mic\u0103 de 120\/80 sau mai mare de 160\/100. La aceste extremit\u0103\u021bi ale spectrului de risc, precizia a fost de p\u00een\u0103 la 80%. Restul popula\u021biei cu T.A. situat\u0103 \u00een intervalul mediu de m\u0103sur\u0103tori sistolice (\u00eentre 120 \u0219i 159 mmHg) \u0219i diastolice (\u00eentre 80 \u0219i 99 mmHg), precizia m\u0103surii a sc\u0103zut dramatic: \u00eentre 50% \u0219i 57%.<\/p>\n

Factori care influen\u021beaz\u0103 precizia tensiunii arteriale<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Dimensiunea man\u0219etei.<\/strong> Poate schimba semnificativ tensiunea arterial\u0103. Utiliz\u00eend o man\u015fet\u0103 prea mic\u0103, pute\u0163i m\u0103ri \u00een mod artificial valoarea sistolic\u0103 situat\u0103 \u00eentre 10 mmHg \u0219i 40 mmHg.\"equipmen\"<\/p>\n

2. Plasarea man\u0219etei.<\/strong> Man\u0219eta trebuie a\u0219ezat\u0103 pe un bra\u021b gol, nu pe \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103minte, cu marginile man\u0219etei aliniate \u0219i pozi\u021bionate la nivelul inimii, la aproximativ 2,5 cm deasupra cotului. M\u00eeneca bluzei ar trebui s\u0103 fie suflecat\u0103.<\/p>\n

3. Abilitatea auditiv\u0103.<\/strong> Multe dintre aparatele utilizate ast\u0103zi \u00een spitale \u0219i unele clinici s\u00eent automate \u0219i nu e nevoie ca o persoan\u0103 s\u0103 asculte sunetele lui Korotkoff \u00een artera brahial\u0103. Cu toate acestea, \u015fi o persoan\u0103 care ascult\u0103 sunetele din artera brahial\u0103 poate gre\u015fi. Cei care nu aud bine sunetele din stetoscop pot \u00eenregistra valori eronate ale presiunii arteriale.<\/p>\n

4. Calibrarea aparatului.<\/strong> Dispozitivele pentru uzul la domiciliu <\/a>\u0219i cele automate trebuie s\u0103 fie calibrate cu precizie pentru a asigura o citire corect\u0103. Un studiu a demonstrat c\u0103 unele tensiometre au func\u0163ionat incorect \u00een 15% dintre cazuri. Citirile de la aceste aparate pot avea un impact negativ asupra recomand\u0103rilor de tratament.<\/p>\n

5. Pozi\u021bia corpului.<\/strong> Are o mare leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu m\u0103surarea corectit\u0103 a tensiunii arteriale periferice. Pozi\u021bia corect\u0103 cere ca picioarele s\u0103 fie a\u0219ezate pe podea, spatele s\u0103 se sprijine pe sp\u0103tarul scaunului<\/a>, picioarele s\u0103 nu fie \u00eencruci\u015fate timp de cel pu\u021bin cinci minute \u0219i bra\u021bul s\u0103 fie sprijinit \u00een timp ce sta\u021bi jos.<\/p>\n

6. Activitate.<\/strong> Vorbitul cu persoana care ia tensiunea arterial\u0103<\/a> poate cre\u0219te presiunea sistolic\u0103 cu 10 mmHg, iar o vezic\u0103 plin\u0103 poate cre\u0219te sistola cu 10 mmHg. \u00cenainte de a lua tensiunea arterial\u0103, este important s\u0103 sta\u021bi lini\u0219tit timp de trei p\u00een\u0103 la cinci minute \u0219i s\u0103 nu face\u015fi efort timp de cel pu\u021bin 30 de minute \u00eenainte de citire.<\/p>\n

7. Hipertensiune alb\u0103.<\/strong> \u00cen acest caz, tensiunea arterial\u0103 m\u0103surat\u0103 la cabinetul medical e 140\/90 mmHg sau mai mare, dar e mai mic\u0103 la domiciliu. Pentru unii oameni, vederea medicului este o experien\u021b\u0103 stresant\u0103, care poate cre\u0219te temporar tensiunea arterial\u0103. Se estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 15% p\u00een\u0103 la 30% dintre persoanele cu hipertensiune <\/a>arterial\u0103 \u00eenregistrat\u0103 au hipertensiune alb\u0103.\"732x549_Automated_vs._Manual_Blood_Pressure_Readings\"<\/p>\n

8. Nicotin\u0103, cofein\u0103 sau alcool.<\/strong> Toate trebuie eliminate cu 30 de minute \u00eenainte de m\u0103surarea presiunii.<\/p>\n

At\u00eet presiunea anormal de mare, c\u00eet \u0219i presiunea sc\u0103zut\u0103 pot fi legate de riscuri pentru s\u0103n\u0103tate.<\/p>\n

Evaluarea riscului de HTA f\u0103r\u0103 a m\u0103sura tensiunea arterial\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

O metod\u0103 neinvaziv\u0103 de m\u0103surare a riscului de hipertensiune arterial\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 a vizita cabinetul medicului este utilizarea raportului talie-\u0219old. Cercet\u0103rile sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 m\u0103rimea taliei poate fi o m\u0103sur\u0103 eficient\u0103 pentru evaluarea riscului de hipertensiune arterial\u0103 asociat\u0103 obezit\u0103\u0163ii<\/a>. Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi un raport ridicat, de exemplu, ave\u0163i mai mult\u0103 gr\u0103sime \u00een jurul taliei dec\u00eet pe \u0219olduri, exist\u0103 un risc crescut de hipertensiune asociat\u0103 obezit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n

Pentru a calcula raportul dintre talie \u0219i \u0219old, m\u0103sura\u021bi circumferin\u021ba \u0219oldurilor peste fese \u0219i talia \u00een zona cu circumferin\u021ba cea mai mic\u0103, chiar deasupra buricului<\/a>. Apoi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi\u021bi valoarea de la talie la cea de la \u015folduri<\/a>. Clinica Mayo din SUA utilizeaz\u0103 urm\u0103toarea gril\u0103 de raporturi talie-\u0219old pentru a evalua riscul pentru s\u0103n\u0103tate:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Excelent\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Bun\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mediu\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cu risc<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u0103rba\u0163i<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <0.85\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0.85 – 0.89\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 0.9 – 0.95\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 >0.95<\/p>\n

Femei<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <0.75\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0.75 – 0.79 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 0.8 – 0.86 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 >0.86<\/p>\n

Cauze <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen mod obi\u0219nuit, tensiunea arterial\u0103 ridicat\u0103 este un simptom al rezisten\u021bei la insulin\u0103 \u0219i leptin\u0103. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 marea majoritate a oamenilor ar putea s\u0103-\u0219i normalizeze tensiunea arterial\u0103<\/a> cu modific\u0103ri \u00een diet\u0103 \u0219i stil de via\u021b\u0103, pentru a evita efectele secundare ale medicamentelor antihipertensive. Cu toate acestea, dac\u0103 lua\u0163i \u00een prezent medicamente, este important s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00eene\u021bi pe medicamente <\/a>\u00een timp ce efectua\u021bi modific\u0103ri ale dietei pentru a reduce poten\u021bialul de accident vascular cerebral<\/a> sau atac de cord<\/a> \u00een timp ce \u00een mod natural aduce\u021bi tensiunea arterial\u0103 \u00een limite normale.\"waist-measurement\"<\/p>\n

Unul dintre r\u0103spunsurile primare la o diet\u0103 bogat\u0103 \u00een carbohidra\u021bi \u0219i alimente prelucrate este o produc\u021bie excesiv\u0103 de insulin\u0103 \u0219i leptin\u0103. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce acestea cresc, cre\u0219te \u015fi tensiunea arterial\u0103. Nivelurile crescute ale acidului uric s\u00eent, de asemenea, asociate cu hipertensiunea. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 programul pe care \u00eel alege\u021bi ar trebui s\u0103 vizeze \u0219i normalizarea sensibilit\u0103\u021bii la insulin\u0103 <\/a>\u0219i a nivelului acidului uric. Elimin\u00eend excesul de zah\u0103r \u0219i fructoz\u0103<\/a>, ve\u0163i aborda toate aceste probleme simultan.<\/p>\n

Tratamentul medicamentos<\/strong><\/p>\n

Medicamentele beta-blocante utilizate \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit \u00een tratamentul hipertensiunii arteriale<\/a> vin cu o list\u0103 de efecte secundare, inclusiv insuficien\u021b\u0103 cardiac\u0103 sau infarct, afectarea func\u021biei renale, depresie \u0219i colit\u0103 ischemic\u0103. Diureticele pot fi folosite pentru a v\u0103 ajuta organismul s\u0103 reduc\u0103 o supra\u00eenc\u0103rcare cu lichide. Efectele secundare pot include sindromul Stevens-Johnson, afectarea auzului, durerea abdominal\u0103 \u0219i durerea artritic\u0103<\/a>. Blocan\u021bii canalelor de calciu s\u00eent un tip de medicamente antihipertensive la care efectele secundare includ edem, ame\u021beli, s\u00eenger\u0103ri ale nasului, erup\u021bii cutanate \u0219i tinitus. De fapt, niciunul dintre medicamentele pe care medicul le poate prescrie pentru a controla tensiunea arterial\u0103 nu e lipsit de efecte secundare.<\/p>\n

Cele mai bune m\u0103suri<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Gr\u0103simea trans declan\u0219eaz\u0103 ateroscleroza (\u00eent\u0103rirea arterelor), un alt factor de risc al hipertensiunii<\/a>. Evit\u00eend toate gr\u0103simile trans sau gr\u0103simile hidrogenate (margarine<\/a>, uleiuri vegetale, produse pe baz\u0103 de unt \u0219i produse de panifica\u021bie), ve\u0163i preveni eficient ateroscleroza.<\/p>\n

2. Evitarea alimentelor procesate (deoarece cele mai multe dintre acestea s\u00eent bogate \u00een zah\u0103r\/fructoz\u0103, cereale, gr\u0103simi d\u0103un\u0103toare \u0219i ingrediente artificiale)<\/p>\n

3. Consumul de alimente ecologice, locale<\/p>\n

4. Ad\u0103ugarea de gr\u0103simi s\u0103n\u0103toase \u00een diet\u0103: avocado, unt, g\u0103lbenu\u0219 de ou, nuc\u0103 de cocos \u0219i ulei de nuc\u0103 de cocos<\/a>, nuci crude.<\/p>\n

5. Postul intermitent <\/a>este unul dintre modurile cele mai eficiente pentru a v\u0103 normaliza sensibilitatea la insulin\u0103\/leptin\u0103. \u00cen esen\u021b\u0103, postul intermitent \u00eenseamn\u0103 s\u0103 m\u0103n\u00eenci toate caloriile \u00een timpul unei anumite ferestre de timp \u00een fiecare zi \u0219i s\u0103 poste\u0219ti \u00een restului timpului. C\u00eend m\u0103n\u00eenci, corpul t\u0103u reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin ridicarea insulinei \u0219i a leptinei.<\/p>\n

6. Exerci\u0163ii regulate.<\/p>\n

Sursa: mercola.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cercet\u0103rile recente demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 metoda comun\u0103 de m\u0103surare a tensiunii arteriale nu e \u00eentotdeauna exact\u0103. Factori cum ar fi pozi\u021bia<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7408,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[96,92,1359,99,1226],"tags":[10883,10876,10879,7659,926,10884,10872,5562,10878,7882,10882,10880,10881,10873,10887,10886,10877,10875,10874,7532,10885],"class_list":["post-7407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-boli","category-inima-si-sistem-circulator","category-investigatii","category-sanatatea-familiei","category-utile","tag-cauze-hta","tag-diagnostic-hta","tag-factori-de-risc-hipertensiune","tag-grasimi-sanatoase","tag-hipertensiune","tag-hipertensiune-alba","tag-korotkoff","tag-leptina","tag-manseta-tensiune","tag-post-intermitent","tag-raportul-talie-sold","tag-raspunsul-la-insulina","tag-riscuri-medicatie-hta","tag-sfigmomanometru","tag-sindromul-stevens-johnson","tag-stetoscop","tag-tensiune-arteriala-aortica","tag-tensiune-arteriala-diastolica","tag-tensiune-arteriala-masurare","tag-tensiune-arteriala-sistolica","tag-tensiune-masurata-gresit"],"yoast_head":"\nCe gre\u015feli facem c\u00eend ne lu\u0103m tensiunea \u015fi cum se m\u0103soar\u0103 corect? - Doctor Expres<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/doctorexpres.ro\/index.php\/2022\/09\/02\/ce-greseli-facem-cind-ne-luam-tensiunea-si-cum-se-masoara-corect\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ce gre\u015feli facem c\u00eend ne lu\u0103m tensiunea \u015fi cum se m\u0103soar\u0103 corect? - Doctor Expres\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cercet\u0103rile recente demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 metoda comun\u0103 de m\u0103surare a tensiunii arteriale nu e \u00eentotdeauna exact\u0103. 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