O singură ţigară pe zi creşte riscul de deces cu 64%
Cei mai mulți oameni ar fi de acord că fumatul este dăunător, dar nu puţini sînt cei care cred că dacă fumezi puţin, daunele nu sînt semnificative.
Noi cercetări sugerează că nu există fumat sigur, chiar şi fumatul unei singure ţigări pe zi produce prejudicii.
Fumatul cauzează o varietate de boli care afectează aproape fiecare organ din corpul uman, făcîndu-l principala cauză de deces la nivel mondial. În fiecare an, aproape 6 milioane de oameni mor din cauza unei boli legate de fumat.
Cercetătorii de la Institutul Naţional al Cancerului din SUA au analizat peste 290.000 adulţi cu vîrste între 59 şi 82 de ani. Echipa condusă de dr. Maki Inoue-Choi a definit fumatul de intensitate scăzută ca fiind fumatul a 10 sau mai puține țigări pe zi. Întrebările au vizat nouă perioade ale vieții participanților, acoperind de la 15 ani pînă după vîrsta de 70 de ani.
Dintre cei care erau fumători, 159 au raportat că au fumat mai puțin de o țigară pe zi. Aproape 1.500 au spus că au fumat între 1 și 10 țigări în fiecare zi.
- Oamenii care au fumat în mod constant o ţigară pe zi, pe tot parcursul vieții lor, au prezentat cu 64% mai multe şanse de a muri mai devreme decît nefumătorii.
- Cei care au fumat între 1 şi 10 ţigări pe zi au avut un risc cu 87 % mai mare de a muri mai devreme decît nefumătorii.
- Printre foştii fumători, riscul de a muri mai devreme a fost mai mic în rîndul celor care au fumat puţin, comparativ cu cei care erau încă fumători.
- Riscul de deces prematur scade proporțional cu vîrsta la fumătorii care au renunțat.
- Cei care au fumat, în medie, mai puțin de o țigară pe zi pe parcursul vieții lor au prezentat de 9 ori mai multe şanse de a muri de cancer pulmonar decît nefumătorii.
- Cei care au fumat între 1 și 10 țigări pe zi au avut un risc de 12 ori mai mare de a muri de cancer pulmonar decît nefumătorii.
- Fumătorii de intensitate scăzută au fost de 6 ori mai predispuşi la a dezvolta boli respiratorii (cum ar fi emfizemul), decît nefumătorii. De asemenea, şansele să moară de boli cardiovasculare sînt de o dată și jumătate mai mari decît la nefumători.
Un studiu recent a peste 1.600 fumători şi nefumători francezi a arătat că peste 34% dintre respondenţi cred că fumînd pînă la 10 ţigări pe zi nu sînt expuşi riscului de cancer pulmonar.
„Rezultatele acestui studiu susţin avertismentele de sănătate care arată că nu există niciun nivel sigur de expunere la fumul de tutun. Fumatul chiar și a unui număr mic de țigări pe zi are efecte negative semnificative asupra sănătăţii şi furnizează dovezi suplimentare că renunțarea la fumat e în beneficiul tuturor fumătorilor, indiferent cît de puține ţigări fumează”, precizează dr. Maki Inoue-Choi, autorul principal al studiului.
Sursa: medicalnewstoday.com
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